S1P Summary:

Molecular Characteristics:

• Bioactive sphingolipid metabolite
• Phosphorylated sphingosine
• Synthesized by sphingosine kinases

Receptor Signalling:

• 5 G-protein coupled receptors (S1P1-S1P5)
• Triggers multiple cellular pathways
• Regulates cell survival, proliferation

Physiological Functions:

• Immune cell trafficking
• Endothelial barrier maintenance
• Vascular tone regulation
• Angiogenesis control
• Cardiac function modulation

Pathological Implications:

• Autoimmune disorders
• Cancer progression
• Cardiovascular diseases
• Metastasis
• Treatment resistance

Therapeutic Potential:

• Fingolimod (multiple sclerosis treatment)
• Targeting approaches:
• Receptor modulators
• Enzyme inhibitors
• Antibody-based strategies

Clinical Research Focus:

• Autoimmune conditions
• Cancer therapy
• Fibrotic diseases
• Inflammatory disorders

Key Mechanism: Balances cell survival through sphingolipid rheostat, influencing proliferation and apoptosis.