Key points about Pleiotrophin (PTN):

Structure:

• 168 amino acid growth factor
• Two TSR domains
• Chromosome 7 location

Expression:

• Active during developmental stages
• Decreases in adult tissues
• Regulated by hormones and growth factors

Signaling Pathways:

• Interacts with PTPRZ1, ALK, syndecans
• Activates β-catenin, PI3K/AKT, STAT3 pathways
• Controls cell survival and movement

Developmental Roles:

• Guides embryonic tissue formation
• Supports blood vessel development
• Critical for bone and neural stem cell development

Cancer Biology:

• Promotes tumor growth and metastasis
• High expression in glioblastoma, breast, and lung cancers
• Supports tumor vascularization

Neurological Functions:

• Neurotrophic factor
• Aids neuron survival and differentiation
• Supports memory, learning, and neural regeneration

Therapeutic Potential:

• Researched for tissue repair
• Potential treatments for bone defects, neural injuries
• Target for cancer therapy development