Key Summary of Humanin (MT-RNR2):

Molecular Characteristics

• 24-amino acid peptide from MT-RNR2 gene
• Consistent sequence across species
• Expression regulated by stress and aging signals

Cellular Interactions

• Binds CXCR4 and GPR30/GPER receptors
• Activates STAT3 and ERK pathways
• Enhances cell survival and metabolic efficiency

Cytoprotective Functions

• Protects neurons from neurodegenerative diseases
• Reduces oxidative stress
• Prevents cell death through anti-apoptotic mechanisms

Disease Associations

• Mitigates Alzheimer's and Parkinson's neurodegeneration
• Improves cardiovascular and metabolic health
• Potential variable effects in cancer biology

Therapeutic Potential

• Synthetic variants like S14G show improved stability
• Ongoing clinical trials for neurological and metabolic disorders
• Future research focuses on targeted delivery and molecular interactions