Key Summary of Factor V (F5):

Molecular Structure

• Glycoprotein with 330 kDa weight
• Six domains in A1-A2-B-A3-C1-C2 layout
• Stays active 12-36 hours in bloodstream

Synthesis and Activation

• Primarily synthesized in liver hepatocytes
• Activated by thrombin or Factor Xa
• Regulated by Activated Protein C (APC)

Physiological Function

• Critical cofactor in coagulation cascade
• Accelerates prothrombin conversion to thrombin
• Operates in prothrombinase complex on platelet surfaces

Clinical Disorders

• Factor V deficiency causes bleeding tendencies
• Factor V Leiden mutation increases thrombosis risk
• 5% of Caucasians carry Leiden mutation

Diagnostic and Treatment Approaches

• Diagnosed through molecular and activity tests
• Treatment includes plasma transfusions
• Anticoagulation therapy for thrombotic risks
• Ongoing research into personalized genetic therapies