Introduction

• CD24 is a GPI-anchored protein found on immune cells, stem cells, and epithelial cells
• Functions in cell signaling and adhesion
• Originally discovered as a blood cell marker
• Involved in immune system regulation, cancer metastasis, and brain inflammation

Structure and Function

• Protein weight ranges from 27-40 kDa
• Contains a GPI anchor located in lipid rafts
• Exists in two forms: membrane-bound and soluble
• Acts as a cell adhesion molecule interacting with P-selectin and L-selectin
• Works with CD44 receptor pathway
• Facilitates cell movement and growth through hyaluronic acid connection

Role in Immune Regulation Immune Cell Function:

• Controls B-cells and dendritic cells
• Influences B-cell growth and activity
• Regulates antibody production
• Acts as a brake on Toll receptor signals
• Controls cytokine production
• Involved in T-cell (Treg) development

Cancer Immunology:

• Functions as tumor cell identifier
• Aids cancer growth and spread
• High expression in breast and prostate cancers
• Helps tumor cells evade immune detection

Neuroinflammation:

• Expressed in neurons and glial cells
• Controls CNS inflammatory responses
• Soluble form reduces brain inflammation
• Supports nerve cell survival
• Relevant to Alzheimer's disease treatment research

Future Perspectives and Research Directions

• Potential for targeted CD24 therapies
• Promise in improving cancer treatment outcomes
• Use as a biomarker for disease progression
• Applications in cancer monitoring
• Potential in autoimmune condition tracking