Molecular Structure and Classification:

• Member of butyrophilin-like family
• Part of immunoglobulin superfamily
• Structure includes:
• Two IgV-like domains (extracellular)
• Transmembrane domain
• Cytoplasmic B30.2 domain

Physiological Functions:

• T-Cell Regulation:
• Modulates T cell activation and proliferation
• Influences cytokine production
• Affects T cell receptor signaling
• Immune Response Modulation:
• Maintains immune homeostasis
• Regulates inflammatory responses
• Participates in immune tolerance

Clinical Significance and Disease Associations:

• Autoimmune Conditions:
• Sarcoidosis
• Rheumatoid Arthritis
• Multiple Sclerosis
• Inflammatory Diseases:
• Inflammatory Bowel Disease
• Myositis
• Granulomatous disorders

Genetic Variations and Impact:

• Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs):
• Affect protein function
• Modify disease risk
• Influence treatment response
• Expression Patterns:
• Tissue-specific expression
• Regulated by inflammatory mediators
• Impacts immune cell function

Research Applications and Future Directions:

• Therapeutic Development:
• Target identification
• Immunomodulatory drug development
• Biomarker potential
• Clinical Applications:
• Genetic screening
• Personalized medicine
• Treatment response prediction
• Future Research:
• Protein-protein interactions
• Regulatory mechanisms
• Targeted therapies
• Biomarker applications
• Tissue-specific functions