Introduction:

• LALBA is a prominent whey protein in milk
• Contains 123 amino acids
• Essential for lactose production
• Has multiple biological functions including antimicrobial and immunomodulatory effects

Structure and Function:

• Member of α-lactalbumin protein group
• Structure includes tightly folded amino acid chain
• Held together by disulfide bonds
• Three-dimensional shape crucial for binding and lactose production regulation

Lactose Synthesis:

• Partners with β-1,4-galactosyltransferase (β-GalT)
• Facilitates galactose to glucose conversion
• Essential for lactose production
• Maintains milk osmotic balance
• Supports nutrient absorption

Role in Infant Nutrition:

• Makes up 25% of whey proteins in breast milk
• Easily absorbed and digested
• Provides essential amino acids for infant growth
• Promotes gut health
• Supports immune system development
• Helps establish healthy gut microbiome

Cancer Research:

• Shows potential anti-cancer properties
• Can inhibit growth of specific cancer cells
• May trigger cell death in breast cancer cells
• Affects cell signaling pathways related to growth and survival

Nutraceuticals and Food Industry:

• Used in dairy products and protein supplements
• Adds nutritional value to food products
• Popular in health-focused foods
• Promotes general wellness

Future Directions and Research:

• Investigating effects on obesity and inflammatory diseases
• Research on extraction and refinement methods
• Development of high-quality supplements
• Potential for engineered production processes
• Focus on increasing accessibility for research and commercial use